Ushguli, with its ancient towers, breathtaking landscapes, and profound cultural identity, continues to captivate travelers.

Nestled in Svaneti within the majestic Caucasus Mountains, Ushguli is a community in the Mestia municipality, situated at an altitude of 2,200 meters above sea level. It comprises four villages: Jibiani, Chvibiani, Murkmeli, and Chazhashi. Positioned at the foot of Georgia’s highest peak, Shkhara, Ushguli is among the highest permanently inhabited settlements in Europe. The village of Chazhashi is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Ushguli: Etymology and Legends

Svaneti is rich in legends, which are particularly enchanting when recounted by locals. One such tale tells of the “Rock Maiden.” According to legend, the Enguri Valley threatened to flood the village, but two rams, descending from Ushguli and Kala, met at opposite ends of a cliff and prevented the disaster.

Queen Tamar is also closely associated with numerous legends and folklore. In Ushguli, her winter and summer residences still stand in the form of towers, distinguished by their unique architecture and strategic placement. Some legends even speak of her burial in Ushguli.

The term “khevi” typically refers to the union of several villages into a single community. Ushguli exemplifies this concept. Its name is often interpreted as “fearless heart.” Historically, Ushguli was an autonomous community. Seven local rulers who sought dominance were slain; the last, Futa Dadeshkeliani, was killed by the collective will of the village in Lamaria. Ushguli served as the residence of the noble Svan families Fardjanian-Vardanisdze-Marushiani. Following the fragmentation of unified Svaneti, Ushguli became part of what was known as “Free Svaneti,” though until 1810 it fell under the Kingdom of Imereti, alongside Racha.

Svan Towers

One of Ushguli’s most treasured and iconic features is the “Svan tower.” Today, approximately 30 towers remain, with the highest concentration in Chazhashi. Originally constructed as defensive structures against invaders, these towers also symbolized communal unity and strength. Their height, variety, and integration with the rugged terrain render Ushguli a virtually impregnable fortress.

What to See in Ushguli

Choosing a single site to visit in Ushguli is difficult, as each landmark carries its own unique charm. Notable highlights include Lamaria of Ushguli, Queen Tamar’s summer and winter residences, the Church of the Savior in Chazhashi, the Ushguli Ethnographic Museum, the Church of the Savior in Murkmeli, among others.

Ushguli consists of four small villages — Chazhashi, Chvibiani, Murkmeli, and Jibiani — each with a distinctive character. The isolation, high altitude, and challenging terrain of the region have helped preserve traditional Svan ways of life, architecture, and customs. Ushguli stands as a remarkable testament to the resilience of the Svan people and the majestic beauty of Georgia’s highlands.

For outdoor enthusiasts, Ushguli offers hiking trails leading to Queen Tamar’s summer residence, Mount Goruashi, and the Shkhara Glacier. Climbers may attempt the ascent of Shkhara, while those interested in cultural heritage can explore the Ethnographic Museum and Lamaria Church.

Getting to Ushguli

Ushguli can be accessed via the Ushguli–Mestia and Ushguli–Lentekhi roads. The Mestia–Ushguli route is open year-round, whereas the Ushguli–Lentekhi route is best traveled in summer, as it closes during winter months.

For travelers, Ushguli offers a rare opportunity to immerse oneself in local culture, marvel at awe-inspiring landscapes, and experience the enduring traditions of Svan life.